The role of elites in the construction and maintenance of various forms of governance has emerged as a useful method to explain the shifting forms of government. Still others, such as Shorten (2012), underscored the role of ideology in building political support for particular forms of governance. Other researchers have emphasized the role of extra-governmental institutions, such as religious organizations or the military, in influencing the regime that develops and the transition between different regimes (Casper, 1995).
They suggested that more stable systems may undergo a transition from one type of regime to another less often and further emphasize that a prior form of regime influences subsequent regimes (Linz & Stepan, 1996). Some researchers, such as Linz (Linz, 1990, 2000 Linz & Stepan, 1996), have pointed to the importance of the features of various governance structures (parliamentary systems, presidential systems, and others) and suggested that some are less stable than others and more likely to result in one type of regime over others. A large amount of research has focused on this area, from a wide range of domains, and using various theoretical orientations (Bian, Shu, & Logan 2001 Casper, 1995 Gerschewski, 2013 Higley, 2018a, 2018b Higley & Burton, 1989, 2006 Linz, 2000 Linz & Stepan, 1996 Pérez-Liñán & Mainwaring, 2013 Shorten 2012). 5) Government control of opposition and suppression of dissent.Įxplaining and predicting the formation of particular forms of government, such as democracies, authoritarian regimes, and totalitarian regimes and the transitions from one to another has been a central task of sociology and political sciences. 3) Replacement of the innerĬircle with weaker members who can be controlled. Of an inner circle and consolidation of power. Or dictatorship can be summarized as follows: 1) Political success by one group or faction. This model for one route of moving from an unstable democracy towards autocracy
A five-step process for this transformation is outlined. Show how shifts elite configurations in a democracy can lead to authoritarian Turkey is being used as a contemporary case study to The current research, this previous theoretical work is extended byĪrticulating a route by which societies can go the other way-from democracy toĪn authoritarian regime. Governance structures, from authoritarian regimes to liberal democracies. In which the configuration of elites can predict the transformation of The Higley-Burton theory outlines several ways John Higley and Michael Burton argued that the configuration ofĮlite groups in a society is an important predictor of the governance structure Structures has been one of the central tasks of sociologists and political
Attempting to predicting the formation of particular types of governance
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